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Alexander Og MacDonald, Lord of Islay
Alexander Og MacDonald (died 1299), also known as Alexander of the Isles, was a 13th-century Hebridean magnate. With the death of his father in about 1293, MacDonald succeeded as Lord of Islay, and the chiefship of the MacDonalds. During his tenure as chief, the lands of his family fell prey to the powerful Alexander MacDougall, Lord of Argyll, the chief of the MacDougalls. MacDonald and his younger brother entered into the service of Edward I, King of England, and made several appeals to the English king for aid against MacDougall. In fact, MacDonald may well have been married to a sister or daughter of MacDougall, and MacDonald and his wife fought a legal dispute against MacDougall over the island of Lismore. Although he is sometimes said to have lived into the 14th century, MacDonald may well have been slain in battle against MacDougall in 1299, and appears to have been succeeded by his younger brother, Angus Og MacDonald. MacDonald had six sons, and his descendants were noted gallowglass-warriors in Ireland. MacDonald is one of the earliest MacDonalds to bear a heraldic device.
==Family and background==
The eldest son of Angus Mor MacDonald, Lord of Islay (d. ''c.''1293),〔Sellar 2000: pp. 194. See also: McDonald 1997: p. 161.〕 Alexander Og MacDonald was probably born during the reign of, and named after, Alexander III, King of Scots (d. 1286).〔Reid 2004. See also: McDonald 1997: p. 140.〕 His younger brother was Angus Og MacDonald.〔McDonald 1997: p. 166.〕 Alexander Og MacDonald's byname (''Og'') was probably used to differentiate him from his elder namesake-uncle, Alexander Mor MacDonald.〔Lamont 1981: p. 168.〕 During Alexander III's reign, the MacDonalds were one of the most powerful kindreds on the western seaboard of Scotland. The MacDonalds (descended from Donald, son of Ranald, son of Somerled) were related to the MacRauris (descended from Ruari, son of Ranald, son of Somerled), and the extremely powerful MacDougalls (descended from Dugald, son of Somerled).
In the mid-13th century,〔 about the time of Alexander Og MacDonald's birth,〔 the islands on the western seaboard of Scotland were claimed by the Kingdom of Norway. After repeated attempts by the Scots kings to purchase the islands,〔Stringer 2004.〕 Scottish aggression into the region forced Hakon Hakonarson, King of Norway into action, who launched a massive military campaign to reassert Norwegian dominance. Although Hakon's forces gained in strength, as they sailed through the Hebrides, he received only lukewarm support from his vassals.〔McDonald 1997: pp. 106–109.〕 After an inclusive series of actions, on the Scottish mainland at Largs,〔McDonald 1997: pp. 113–114. See also: Barrow 1981: pp. 117–118.〕 Hakon eventually turned for home, having accomplished little. Not long after Hakon's departure and death, Alexander III launched a punitive expedition into the Hebrides, and forced the submission of many of the leading magnates who had supported the Norwegian cause.〔McDonald 1997: pp. 115–116. See also: Barrow 1981: pp. 119–120.〕 MacDonald's father was thus forced to hand him over as a hostage, to secure the good behaviour of the MacDonalds to the Scottish realm.〔McDonald 1997: pp. 116, 159.〕 The provision of a nursemaid in the surviving documentary evidence suggests that MacDonald was only a young child at the time.〔McDonald 1997: p. 159 ''fn 5''. Duffy 1991: p. 312.〕 In 1266, through the Treaty of Perth, Alexander III finally purchased the islands from Magnus Hakonarson, King of Norway, and thus the island-territories of the MacDonalds (and their kinsmen) fell within the Kingdom of Scots.〔McDonald 1997: pp. 120–121. See also: Barrow 1981: p. 120.〕
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